What is Pollution?

Pollution is contamination by a chemical or other agent that renders part of the environment unfit for intended or desired use. These uses also and very importantly include all wildlife and ecological requirements to sustain life in all its natural forms.

Pollution damages the Earth's land, water and air. It results in contamination of the earth's environment with materials that interfere with human health, the quality of life, and the natural functioning of ecosystems (living organisms and their physical surroundings).

Pollution is usually caused by human actions, but can also be the consequence of natural disasters. Pollution can also occur from disruption or damage to wastewater collection and treatment infrastructure due to severe natural events like hurricanes or flooding. Most types of pollution affect the immediate area surrounding the source, and reduce as you move away from the source.

What is Pollution?

Pollution is often caused by the garbage that people throw on the ground or into oceans, lakes or rivers.

Pollution exists in many forms and affects many different aspects of the Earth's environment. Some main types of pollution are:-

- Water pollution is a serious global problem and the largest water pollution problem is from sewage contaminating watercourses.

- Air pollution arising from many sources, and is bad in cities. Car transport emissions causes a lot of the air pollution we see. But did you know that air pollution also can exist inside homes and other buildings? Poor ventilation causes about half of the indoor air pollution problems. Air pollution contributes to the greenhouse effect.

- Highway vehicles, and shipping, are major contributor to air pollution worldwide.

- Photochemical air pollution is commonly referred to as 'smog'. Urban air pollution is often caused by a photochemical, and is commonly known as smog.

- Radioactive pollution results from inadequate nuclear safety.

- Light pollution, includes light trespass, over-illumination and astronomical interference.

- Noise is a form of pollution as well but is unlike the others as it is transient; once the pollution stops, the environment is free of it.

Recently, there has been a heightened interest in the intercontinental transport of pollution. European pollution has been tracked to Asia, as well as the Arctic.

Pollution control involves higher production costs for the industries concerned, but failure to implement adequate controls may result in irreversible environmental damage and an increase in the incidence of diseases such as cancer.

Pollution can be achieved by reducing or eliminating waste at the source by modifying production processes, promoting the use of non-toxic or less-toxic substances, implementing conservation techniques, and re-using materials rather than putting them into the waste stream. But even with these new laws air pollution is still on the increase overall throughout the world. This is especially so in the developing countries.

We should all do what we can to minimize pollution and become 'green'.

What is Pollution?
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Steve Last would like to convince you that to be green is virtuous, and he is also very keen that you understand the problems of Global Warming. You can continue to his web site "Climate Change for Better or Worse" here >>> Climate Change issues and solutions in articles.

There are also essential details for this dog breed and many others at The Dog Breeds Articles Compendium Web Site.

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Water Pollution Problems: A Real Issue

Water pollution has always been a major problem to the environment. With industrialization in major areas and urban cities growing the water around them just keeps getting polluted. The sad part about the whole ordeal is that water pollution can be prevented in a lot of cases.

A lot of water pollution is caused by factories near rivers and lakes doing illegal dumping. This hurts wildlife because the pollution will flow down the river hurting plants and animals. In some cases it can be fatal.

Another big form of water pollution comes from fisherman and yacht owners. People who are just out to enjoy the sun will throw their waste overboard or have a leaky engine. A lot of them don't care because it doesn't usually directly effect how their day is going to turn out.

Water Pollution Problems: A Real Issue

The nice thing is that if your boat is caught illegally dumping or not meeting basic standards you can be forced to pay a large fine. By putting laws such as these into effect water pollution has decreased some. However, it still isn't anywhere nears what it needs to be.

There have also been rules and regulations given to transport lines, especially concerning fuel tankers. When a fuel tanker ends up sinking it releases thousands upon thousands of gallons of fuel into the ocean. This fuel gets all over marine life and can cause serious damage to beaches and coral.

Another type of water pollution comes from farmers. When they spray their fields the fertilizer and insecticides can soak into the ground and get caught in a water system or river. This will then in turn hurt plant and animal life because the waterways are being poisoned.

If you think water pollution doesn't affect you then you are wrong. The pollution ends up hurting nature and poisoning fish that we may eat. On a more direct approach it can even pollute drinking water.

With so many bad side effects of water pollution it is a wonder that there isn't more being done to prevent it. The general public needs to learn more information about it so that they can learn to fight it and keep the waters clean.

Water Pollution Problems: A Real Issue
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New Animal Species in 21st Century

Anyone concerned about the fate of planet Earth should be alarmed by the lighting-fast disappearance of various animal species during the past century. But not all the news is bad! Around the globe, scientists also continue discover a cornucopia of new animal species. Here are some of the most fascinating ones discovered since the dawn of the 21st century:

1. Annamite Striped Rabbit.

Scientists from the Wildlife Conversation Society (WCS) reported discovering this rabbit, in 2008. They found it in Laos' extremely remote and craggy Annamite Mountains. The rabbit features black and brown stripes on its face and back. The Annamite Striped Rabbit is Earth's only known striped rabbit that isn't extinct.

New Animal Species in 21st Century

2. Bornean Clouded Leopard.

Besides living in Borneo, this medium-sized big cat also lives in Sumatra and the Malay Archipelago. In March of 2008, the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) named the mammal in March of 2007. The leopard's name originates from its characteristic coat of asymmetrical ovals, which seem to resemble clouds. Interestingly, while scientists first learned about the leopard in the early 1800s, it officially became a unique species in 2006.

3. Camiguin Hanging Parrot.

The habitat of this colorful bird, indigenous to the island of Camiguin in the Philippines, is quickly vanishing. The bird is a rainbow of colors. Its body is mostly green, though it also has an orange bill, blue cheeks, a yellow streak on the back of its head and crown, and a red nape. In 2006, scientists declared that this species differed from the Philippine Hanging Parrot.

4. Dingiso.

This vulnerable animal species is indigenous to Indonesia. An Australian named Dr. Tim Flannery first discovered it in 1987. In fact, the Dingiso one of four new tree kangaroo species that Dr. Flannery found in the region of New Guinea. However, among the four species, the scientist determined that the Dingiso was most unique both in its appearance and the noise it produced.

5. Ghost Slug.

This all-white slug has been discovered in gardens located in south Wales. Both Cardiff University and the National Museum of Wales have declared that the worm-eating Ghost Slug is indeed a unique slug species. Scientists have given the slug a partly Welsh name: Selenochlamys ysbryda (ghost slug). Interestingly, this variety of slug is actually more common in Georgia and Turkey. So scientists are baffled about how the slug relocated to the UK.

6. Pygmy Three-toed Sloth.

As its name suggests, one of the main features of this sloth is its three toes. This mammal lives on Isla Escudo deVeraguas, a small island off Panama's shores. Scientists believe that the Pygmy Three-toed Sloth is the result of insular dwarfism. Through this process, the size of large animals decreases in a smaller habitat, such as an island. In fact, this sloth species is 20% smaller and 40% lighter than other sloths with three-toes.

While many species are disappearing from Earth, these are some of the new species that scientists have classified within the past decade. Hopefully they will continue to find new and exciting creatures, paying tribute to Earth's diversity and resilience.

New Animal Species in 21st Century
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Graeme has been writing articles for nearly 3 years. His current passion is hydrotherapy. Take a look at his selection of Used Hot Tubs and his complimentary range of Hot Tub Steps to make life a bit easier.

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Florida's Endangered Manatee

Belonging to the Sirenia order of mammalians, manatees are the common name for a large, gray or black air breathing water mammal. Sometimes called a sea cow, the manatee looks somewhat like a hippopotamus. Adult manatees have large bodies averaging ten feet in length and weighing between 440 and 1300 pounds. Manatees have a small head with a straight snout having a bristly mustache on the upper lip. Paddle-like forelimbs are used to move through the water.

Manatees live in fresh, brackish, or salt water and roam with small herds somewhat like a family. Six to eight hours a day is spent grazing upon seaweed and other marine plants. Their slow metabolism reduces the energy requirements, thus they move slowly through the water. Because of their size, manatees have few natural enemies. Humans are the primary threat to the health and safety of the manatees. After a 12-month gestation period, the female manatee may give birth to a single, pink calf about once every three years. A mother may nurse her calf from her teats located under her pectoral flippers.

What is an Endangered Specie?

Florida's Endangered Manatee

An endangered specie is any plant or animal that is in danger of extinction (dying off). Presently as many as 34,000 plant species and 5,200 animal species around the world are in danger of extinction. Evolution of species accounts for a normal process in extinction, (natural predators and climate changes that the specie cannot adapt to), but most causes of specie extinction are from habitat destruction, pollution, increases in human population, resource consumption, and urban development.

A plant or animal must be identified by a criteria put forth by the Endangered Specie Act of 1973. Before they can be identified, thousands of species become extinct each year.

The current global extinction rate is estimated at about 20,000 species per year, exponentially greater than the background extinction rate. Many biologists believe that we are in the middle of the greatest mass extinction episode since the disappearance of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago. (Encarta msn.com)

Why Protect the Manatees?

The extinction of one or more species may affect the ecosystem and cause irreversibly damage. For example, when sea otters near the northern Pacific Rim were hunted almost to extinction in the 19th and early 20th centuries, sea urchin no longer had a major predator. This caused the sea urchin population to increase drastically. Once the sea urchins ate the kelp and other seaweeds, the rich underwater ecosystem became barren. When the U.S Marine Mammal Act of 1972 set forth protective laws, sea otters were reintroduced to the area. The kelp and seaweed forests were restored.

Humans depend upon the ecosystems to provide food, water, and clean air, as well as many medicines and products that are provided by biodiversity. It is imperative that we protect and save the lives of endangered plants and animals.

Typically manatees are found in the tropical and subtropical waters of North and South America and Africa, and are not native to the coasts of Florida. The Florida manatees are sub-species of the West Indian manatee brought to the coasts of Florida in the 1700s. Then called sea cows, they were kept in netted warm water corrals and raised as a food source. When these mammals were released, many died from water temperatures that were too cool, and from boating collisions. Manatees are herbivores, and eat a variety of sixty or more sea grasses and plants. Conservation efforts are supported by the fact that manatees clear plant-clogged river channels used for irrigation and transportation. Therefore, manatees are protected by local and national legislation in every coastal county in Florida. The State strictly enforces speed restrictions in manatee habitats to protect the rare sea mammals from boating collisions. Still 26% of manatee deaths are caused by collisions with watercrafts.

According to Save the Manatee Club, Manatees are currently facing total extinction. In 1996 almost 20% of the world's entire manatee population died. Without intervention, the animal faces a high risk of extinction in the wild in ten or more years (The World Conservation Union, IUCN).

The main causes of manatee death are human-related such as harassment, poaching for hides, meat, and blubber oil, entanglement in Flood Gate or Canal Lock; habitat destruction; and deaths caused from fishing line, litter, vandalism, culverts and other man-made structures. Other causes of manatee death are natural causes such as cold water temperatures, stress, red tide, disease, and calving difficulties.

Harassment refers to pursuing, chasing, poking, prodding, grabbing, riding, and feeding manatees or giving them water from a hose. This conditions them to take food or water from people. Some people may use this opportunity to feed them dangerous non-food items or harm the manatee in some way. Harassment by boaters, divers, swimmers, and people fishing can force manatees to leave preferred habitat such as warm water refuges. Harassment can also lead to separation of mother and calf. Save the Manatee® Club supports passive observation (observing from a distance) as the only way to interact with manatees and all wildlife.

Jim Waymer reports that according to Florida government endangered manatees are dying at the rate of one per day. Marine patrol officer, Dennis Harrah, estimated in June 2000 that only 2,200 remained alive in Florida waters. Harrah has watched for 24 years as the manatees drift toward extinction.

Law enforcement has issued 67 citations and 37 warnings for boaters who ignored the manatee zones in Brevard County during the challenge period. Of those numbers, 42 of the citations and 27 of the warnings were issued to county residents who were aware of where the speed zones are located.

In spite of fines and penalties harassment by humans continues to be an issue. Hundreds of boaters protested a judge's ruling and the new manatee slow speed ruling by sounding their horns (a form of manatee harassment) while cruising through the Barge Canal which provides access from Merritt Island to the Banana River and the Indian River Lagoon. These boaters felt that the new laws were jeopardizing their safety and violating their rights without actually protecting the manatees.

Protection of endangered species is vital to the continued existence of harmony in our environment. There is something every human can do to insure that our planet continues to thrive. The process begins with the help of citizens, but must be enforced by federal, state, and local laws. Every creature on earth has a vital role in the ecosystem, and contributes to the well being of our planet. Consider helping our environment by:

Avoiding restricted or protected manatee areas

Never touching or feeding a manatee

Reporting tagged manatee to authorities

Reporting abuse and harassment

It takes money, compassion, and a willingness to sacrifice human conveniences to protect and keep endangered species alive. By obeying the protective laws and by donating time and money into this worthy cause, the manatee will survive, and future generations will continue to enjoy interaction with these gentle, affectionate, and harmless sea creatures.

Florida's Endangered Manatee
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How to Give the Best Blow Job a Guy Has Ever Had

Oral sex can be a bit of a taboo subject for some women to talk about. Which is a shame because it's one of the most satisfying ways a woman can please her man.

And since it's such an awkward subject for a lot of people to talk about, it often falls to the back burners where it doesn't get a lot of thought or attention. Leaving women to fend for themselves when trying to give their man what he wants... and unfortunately, women aren't psychic.

So how are women supposed to know what feels good for a man? Well they don't.

How to Give the Best Blow Job a Guy Has Ever Had

And since most men are quite the masters of their domain, trying to satisfy the, can be stiff competition (ok that was bad, I'm sorry).

Luckily for women, guys have a lot of patience. Not to mention having a woman satisfy them is constantly on their mind, so they are forgiving if their partner doesn't really know what she's doing.

But the good news is, with a few simple tips you can start rocking your mans world by giving him the best blow job he's ever had and reminding him again why he's the luckiest guy on the planet!

Keep in mind that men are often visually stimulated. While you might want to turn off the lights so he can't see what you're doing, that's a bit of a turn off for men. Don't get me wrong, anything sexual in a dark room can be awesome, but there is nothing hotter than watching your partner satisfy and tease you.

With that being said, don't be afraid to make eye contact while down there. Locking eyes while giving your man oral is extremely hot. Especially if you (at least look like you) enjoy what you're doing.

A little bit of dirty talk and mmmm's and aahhhh's will also go a long way. And here's a secret trick to make that easy for you...
Make your man feel unforgettable.

If you can remember that, it will take you far in the world of seducing men. It doesn't just apply to giving your man head, it applies to everything.

Whether it's his body, his "package", his mind... make him feel memorable and he'll be eating out of your hand.

Something important to remember is that most of the nerve endings in a mans penis are near the tip (the ridge let's just say) NOT at the base. I won't get into it too much in this article, but keep that in mind when working on him.

The last point I want to offer is to be spontaneous. Predictability is boring during sex. Whether it's your speed or grip, keep him guessing. Don't always go in the same position or location. Mix it up.

With these simple tips you're going to knock your mans socks off and give him the oral sex he's been wishing for!

How to Give the Best Blow Job a Guy Has Ever Had
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And if you REALLY want to drive your man wild, check out MindBlowingOral.com and learn the red-hot secrets behind how to give a blow job!

Thanks for tuning in... And as always, stay sexy.

Evan Michaels

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The Importance of Father-Daughter Relationships

In Today's busy world, Fathers find very little time to get involved in the nurture and development of their children. "Fathers bring a unique presence, a special strength to raising children," says a clinical psychologist Ray Guarendia, in her book "Back to the Family."

How true this is in the bringing up of daughters! Just as there is a special bond between mothers and sons, the relationship between fathers and daughters is unique. Fathers therefore cannot afford to remain remote characters in the lives of their daughters. Parenting is a joint venture, with fathers just as active participants as mothers.

There are various reasons why paternal involvement becomes limited.

The Importance of Father-Daughter Relationships

o Ambitious and over worked Dads put their jobs before the welfare of their families. They come home too tired to spend quality time with their children. Often the children are asleep when they return, and leave for school before Dads are awake.
o Absentee Dads: Those with traveling jobs like airline pilots, sales representatives, businessmen or long distance truck drivers may be away from home frequently, sometimes for long stretches.
o Divorced Dads with limited visiting rights also cannot spend sufficient time with their children.
o False notions that girls are to be brought up exclusively by mothers or women in the house, make men distance themselves from their daughters. They feel awkward to show affection, and so miss out on the little intimacies they could share with their daughters.

The word "Dad" is of a universal nature. It conjures up qualities of responsibility, protection, love, and discipline. Being a father can be a rewarding job, and a man who abdicates his responsibility is falling short of his God-given role. John Rosemond a Family Counselor, wrote in one of his articles that a father must not only be present but be 'actively involved' and 'a vigorously interested participant' in the child rearing process.

Jawaharlal Nehru the first Prime Minister of India, spent long spells in prison during the struggle for Indian independence. He sorely regretted his separation from his beloved daughter Indira, but he kept in contact with her through letters, which were later compiled into a book "Glimpses of World History." These letters express his deep love for her and the ease with which he expressed it.

"Priyadarshini, dear to my sight but dearer still to my heart....."

"I think of the day when we shall all three meet again, and the thought of it lightens and cheers my heart."

In spite of being absent, he kindled in her an interest in World history, Science and Politics, which contributed in no small measure to the moulding of her character.

Or who can forget Dad William Jackson Smart who raised six children single handedly in rural Washington and his daughter Senora Dodd, who fought for Fathers' Day, as a dedication to dads like him.

To be a good father, one must needs be aware of a few essential requirements.

o Show Love. No father should feel embarrassed to show affection to his daughter. A touch, a hug, a special smile, and three little words "I love you" are tangible ways of communicating love. She learns to reciprocate that love. This is her first male-female relationship with her father, and will influence her behaviour with her husband in later life. The earliest reflection of herself as female comes from her dad. How does he regard her? Does he accept her without reservations? Or does he treat her as inferior to her brother? When he shows respect she feels worthwhile as an individual. When he ignores her or is too critical, she begins to feel that she is worthless.
o Show love and respect to her mother. A good and loving relationship between parents is the foundation for her evolution into a happy, well balanced child. It gives her a sense of security, and a good opinion about marriage.
o Shared Activities: A good father will show interest in his daughter's activities. He will make her feel good about her abilities and achievements. He will find something to praise. A father should be his daughter's cheer leader. Doing things together like reading, walking, playing games is time well spent. He will also learn to see things through her eyes as she walks him through her wonderland. Time is a very precious gift.
o Communication: Listening and paying attention to what a daughter says is a way of showing love. What may seem silly to an adult may be bothersome to a child. She should be encouraged to talk of her school problems, peer pressure, studies or any other conflict situations. A good father will help her find solutions to her problems. He will teach not blame. She will be free to voice her opinions and be open to advice.
o Respect: A girl child is to be regarded as a person and not as a possession. Her right to privacy and her space to grow must be respected.
o Honesty: Being honest with his child will make a father trustworthy in her estimation. Her questions should be answered sensibly. She should be taught to distinguish between right and wrong, honesty and dishonesty. She should not be forced to do what she doesn't want to do by offering inducements, or threats or emotional blackmail.
o Discipline: "Discipline is one of the most loving, durable gifts a parent can give to his child," says Gaurendi. It should be consistent, fair and administered with love. When training a child in the way she should go, the father should make sure he goes that way himself. The task of parenting is overwhelming. It is exciting to see men who take family responsibility seriously, and are caring and compassionate. The way a father speaks, the words he uses, the tone of his voice can be encouraging or discouraging. Dependability and Integrity which she learns from her father will prepare her for 'the school of hard knocks' she must pass through on her trek towards adulthood.

The relationship between father and daughter reaches a very delicate phase when she is in her teens. This period must be negotiated with tact and efficiency. She must be assured that he values her as an intelligent and independent person. Becoming aware of his daughter's sexuality makes many a father uncomfortable. Suddenly he feels demoted in her list of priorities. So far, he was the centre of her universe. Now her eyes begin to rove and get focused on other boys. She wants to dress differently and behave differently. Some fathers cannot handle these changes well. They might react by being overprotective or overbearing.

o Overprotective: In a society which does not value modesty or sexual purity, Dad becomes afraid that his precious girl may go astray. He feels it is his duty to impose rules about dating and whom she will date, or how she will dress, or what company she will keep. This 'paternal neurosis' is unwelcome. The girl feels restricted. On the one hand it may make her feel insecure, as though she is incapable of taking care of herself. On the other hand, she might want to escape from this 'smother love' before it stunts her emotional growth.
o Overbearing: Daughters tend to rebel against dictatorial fathers. When rigid rules are imposed which she thinks unnecessary, when he restricts her activities she might begin to fear him or hate him. There is a distinct inclination to rebel. A father must be sensitive to the growing needs of his daughter and make allowances appropriately. He should negotiate fairly, allowing her to gain confidence and pride in her choices. But he must also impress upon her that choices have consequences.

A daughter considers her father a gauge by which she will estimate the worth of other men. If he is well behaved, dependable, honest and loving, she will look for those qualities in other men. He must be a praying father too as he reflects the unconditional love of God our father. Child psychologist Phyllis Bronstein says that while a mother teaches nurture and caring, a father teaches physical competence, self confidence in asserting opinions, and adventurism. Children with good fathers get on well with other people and are achievers. Whereas those who are neglected by their fathers show lower IQ, poor performance in school, and delinquency.

When fathers are abusive, hot tempered, irresponsible or alchoholics, this too has an adverse impact on daughters. They look for similar traits in husbands or lovers. Irrespective of the damage it does to them physically, psychologically and emotionally, this 'father hunger' compels them to seek such men, hoping that eventually things will change. One father said, "If I screw up, she will spend the rest of her life with a 'screw up.' I don't want that to happen."

Too much of molly coddling is unhealthy and can lead to 'father fixation.' This kind of wrong parenting can be the cause of the Electra Complex - a psychological term for a girl's romantic feelings towards her father, and anger towards her mother. Carl Jung called it the "Female Oedipus Attitude." This could even lead to incestuous relationship between father and daughter.

An anonymous poet has this advice for fathers:
"Take stock of yourself and consider your child,
Your time and your thoughts are her due;
For how would you answer the Lord if he asks
What kind of a father were you?"

The Importance of Father-Daughter Relationships
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Eva Bell is a doctor of Medicine and also a freelance writer of articles, short stories, children stories. Published in Indian magazines and newspapers, anthologies and also on the web.

Author of two novels, one non-fiction, two children's books. Special interest- Travel and Women's Issues.

http://www.evabell.net

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My Cat Keeps Sneezing - What to Do When You Have a Cat Sneezing a Lot

Okay. Your cat keeps sneezing. As long as you don't have a cat sneezing blood, this is probably not a case of something really bad like feline leukemia. He may have caught a "cat cold", or may have just got some dust or allergens in his nose. Regardless, if your cat or kitten keeps sneezing, you will want to take a look at some common cat sneezing symptoms to determine what course of action to take, and how serious the problem is.

When you have a cat sneezing a lot, especially if there is cat sneezing and coughing present, something has gone from a not-so-serious issue to a more dangerous health concern. True, your cat loves to investigate and explore its world with its nose, but that little bit of dust, if left untended, can result in a much more serious matter.

In a cat, upper respiratory infection is a very common ailment that can be diagnosed rather easily. If you have cat sneezing and runny nose, and these symptoms are accompanied by loss of appetite, depression, and coughing. The good news is you can keep this from occurring when your cat keeps sneezing if you treat the flu-like symptoms quickly.

My Cat Keeps Sneezing - What to Do When You Have a Cat Sneezing a Lot

But, you ask, how can I treat my cat? I can not afford an expensive vet trip, and hate to see my feline friend stuck and prodded and mad at me. What are your options? You have only two options here other than an expensive, painful vet trip.

If your cat or kitten sneezes periodically, give it a day and see if it stops. It could be that a local environmental effect like dust or dirt has lodged in your pet's nasal passage, and will be sneezed out. But if your kitten or cat keeps sneezing a lot, you can be certain that there is a bigger problem at hand. At this point, we can rule out ignoring the problem, as it can become much more serious, and even lead to feline leukemia or lung problems.

The only available option if your cat keeps sneezing is actually a treatment that has been around since the beginning of time, and a treatment that wild cats use all the time. Using natural herbs and naturally occurring substances and minerals as opposed to chemicals and medicines produced by man is the practice of homeopathy. Many veterinarians and pet experts have been saying for years that our current medicinal practices and pet foods may actually be shortening our beloved pet's lives.

Employing homeopathic, holistic cures found in nature is preferred for many reasons. First, there are no side-effects. Vet cures can have painful side-effects, some of them worse than the symptoms they are meant to cure. Homeopathic cures are also non-intrusive. There is no scaring your cat with a vet, no shots, and no cramming him into a cat carrier. Homeopathic cures are sprinkled or dropped onto your pet's tongue, and that is it. Oh yeah, there is no devastating veterinarian's bill, either.

My Cat Keeps Sneezing - What to Do When You Have a Cat Sneezing a Lot
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Did you know a natural homeopathic cure can heal your cat in as little as one week with no shots and no vets? You love your pet and want only the safest, natural cures when your CAT KEEPS SNEEZING. Check out http://homeopathicpetremedies.blogspot.com/ to join our free Homeopathic Healing Newsletter.

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Four Major Forces Creating Change in Organizations Today - Skills That Leaders Need

Globalization, technological changes, knowledge management and cross boundaries collaboration are four factors that are major forces creating change in organizations today.

These changes affect decision-making as organizations are forced to recognize that they need leaders who are innovative, creative visionaries who understand the various environments that their organizations are operating in, and are able to differentiate between these different environments.

These environments include: the external or operating environment; the competitive environment (that part of the external environment in which firms that are competing for the same market exist) and the macroenvironment in which influences such as the economy, government regulations, societal values, demographics and technology come to bear upon an organization.

Four Major Forces Creating Change in Organizations Today - Skills That Leaders Need

Faced with such complexities leaders need to be equipped with appropriate skill-sets such as flexibility, good communication, and critical thinking and negotiation abilities. They must also be supported with the necessary resources in order to make good decisions that will benefit their organizations.

Globalization

A convergence of international activities such as the increase in overseas production of goods and services; increasing consumer demands in emerging markets worldwide; declining barriers to international trade aided by rapidly changing technology, have created a globalized economy in which inter-dependency among countries has emerged as the norm today. Therefore the hiring practices of companies who are seeking the best talent have changed because the best talent might no longer be resident in the home country.

Companies have had to calibrate their hiring, training and management practices to meet this challenge. In a world where "Americans too often come across as intrusive, manipulative, and garrulous" (David, 2007, p.291), US organizations have to be respectful of the culture, customs, political, and legal differences of the countries that they are operating in.

Some of these customs affect protocol such as the exchange of gifts, the observance of holidays, and labor laws. Even accounting standards vary internationally. Therefore organizations must be sensitive to these differences when formulating operational and human resource (HR) policies for implementation abroad for, in this global environment, it is hardly likely that companies can apply the domestic policies that work at home, abroad.

Technological Change:

Technology is like a two-edged sword that can make our lives easier or worse. The Internet has revolutionized the way in which information is exchanged, communication facilitated and commerce conducted. Technology is rapidly changing and effective management demands more knowledge in these areas in order for companies to manage their resources and develop, maintain or keep their competitive edge.

While technology has enabled firms to save time and money by conducting business such as negotiations, trade, and commerce in real time, it can also facilitate the dissemination of sensitive information about a company's practices, trade secrets and new product development in a matter of seconds.

Hackers can breach a company's security via the internet and put companies at risk. Organizations have responded by having whole new types of departments such as Information Technology (IT) departments, headed by managers with titles such as Chief Information Officer (CIO), to manage both the opportunities and the risks associated with technological changes.

Additionally, technology has ushered in an array of high-tech devices that aid and facilitates companies in gathering and managing information, maintaining contact with their employees globally, making and communicating decisions instantaneously. This can be both a boon and a source of stress for managers and leaders who must learn to manage their choice and use of these devices. In a global economy technology can aid in knowledge management

Knowledge Management

Driving forces such as shifts in buyer demographics and preferences; technology, product and market innovation; changes in society, consumer attitudes and lifestyle all demand new ideas. This has created a need for knowledge workers.

Knowledge workers comprise a company's intellectual capital and are made up of creative people with novel ideas and problem-solving skills. Managing its knowledge assets can give a company a competitive edge as it effectively utilizes the expertise, skills, intellect, and relationships of members of the organization.

For example, a company's strategic management efforts can be greatly enhanced when knowledge that is resident in its international talent pool is tapped at its source, since a manager who is "closer to the ground" and part of the local culture might be better able to sense environmental changes than one who is not.

Keeping knowledge workers motivated and incentivized by both intrinsic and extrinsic means will cause organizations to re-think and change their benefits and compensation methods and, perhaps, even redefine the traditional view of the employer-employee relationship into something new, such as a company-contractor model, for example.

Cross-boundaries Collaboration

An important part of knowledge management is effectively managing organization-wide collaboration. Use of appropriate technology and applications such as a virtual private networks; VoIP, e-mail, social networking websites such as Face Book, and even company-sponsored blogs can facilitate communication between an organization and its stakeholders, and help in different types of internal and external collaborative processes. An example of a tool that can be used in cross-boundaries collaboration might be an easily accessible online database that provides a central source of information to employees, customers, or suppliers.

Managing in the 21st Century

In the 21st Century change is the norm rather than the exception and leaders must be able to embrace it. They need to be able to develop:

A vision, and be able to communicate it to their organizations An orientation to serving An entrepreneurial mind-set A commitment to continuous innovation A global mindset Ease and confidence with technology Know-how in systems thinking (a broad view of the inter-relationship of an organization's parts, rather than a narrow view that is focused on one part or event.) A sense of ethics and appreciation of spirituality in the workplace A commitment to continuous learning, personal and professional development

In order to respond effectively to the four major forces creating change in today's global economy leaders must be willing to embrace change; they must be curious and appreciative of the richness and diversity of other cultures. The must be trust-worthy and flexible; and they must have very strong time management, communication, conflict-management, problem-solving and people-skills in order to effectively manage these drivers of change.

References

David, Fred R. (2009). Strategic Management, Concepts and Cases, 11th ed. (p. 291). New Jersey: Pearson Prentiss Hall.

Ruth M. Tappin

© 2009

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Best Friend Tattoos - Today's Most Popular Ideas For Friendship Tattoos

Best Friend Tattoos are a great way to celebrate an important friendship that you want to last forever. Your best friend is someone that holds a special place in your life and for that reason the friendship calls for a special tattoo. Here you will find great ideas for the most popular best friend tattoos today.

If you have a best friend with whom you share a special bond there is no better way to express your feelings and show the world than with a tattoo you share in common.

A very important consideration for a best friend tattoo is to think about what may happen in the future, if for some reason the friendship ends. You do not want to be left with a tattoo that brings back memories that are unwanted. But that won't happen...right. For this reason you may want to go for a design that would stand equally well on its own. Also, a tattoo of the best friends face, birthday, name or initials may not be the best idea.

Best Friend Tattoos - Today's Most Popular Ideas For Friendship Tattoos

Once you and your friend have agreed to get a tattoo together you will need to decide:

1. Do you want a want a matching tattoo?
2. Do you want a symbol that represents something significant with your friendship?
3. Do you want a tattoo that is split in half-where each person wears one half of the whole tattoo? This type of tattoo makes the statement that together you are one and complete each other.

There are lots of places to get ideas for best friend tattoos. Meeting with different tattoo artists can be helpful. They can help you brainstorm and come up with creative designs. Another idea is to join a tattoo forum where you can share ideas and pictures with others just like yourself that have or are looking for this type of tattoo.

There are countless numbers of tattoos that will work for best friends. Here are some popular ideas for you to consider:

Celtic knot tattoo-symbolizing eternity with all the lines weaving together in an intricate endless loop, this is very popular for friends. This is also considered to represent the union of two souls.

Single yellow rose tattoo-the yellow rose is a symbol for friendship.

Yin and yang tattoos-these tattoos have their roots as Chinese symbols but now have become a universal symbol for complimentary opposites.

Peace symbols-for the peace loving personalities, this symbol had its origin in the 1960's during the hippie movement and are very popular.

Chinese and Japanese language characters that stand for friendship are one of the top choices today for best friends.

One half of a song lyric or quote you both enjoy-each person wears the other half so together they are one.

Stick friends holding hands.

Devil and an angel tattoos-representing your opposite sides, yet at times, complimentary personalities.

Star tattoos are extremely popular today between friends. You can do so much with stars in terms of colors, sizes and points. A creative idea is to for each person to have a trail of shooting stars-one trailing to the left and the other to the right.

Zodiac signs are popular-you might want to consider wearing your own zodiac sign just in case the friendship ever breaks up.

The infinity symbol-consider using the infinity symbol alone or as the center of a tattoo with more design around it. Anything with the infinity symbol will be a representation of something that lasts for ever.

A Claddagh tattoo-This is the Irish symbol for love and friendship and makes a very popular tattoo for best friends. It is depicted as two hands holding a heart with a crown on top. It has a very powerful meaning: "with my two hands I give you my heart, and crown it with my love."

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10 Benefits of Speaking Spanish in the World Today

There are many benefits available to people who learn to speak Spanish. Speaking the Spanish language will acquaint you with the Spanish culture like nothing else can. Learning Spanish will greatly increase your enjoyment while traveling to Spanish speaking countries. Why learn Spanish? Ten key benefits to learning Spanish are:

1.Economically speaking Spanish speakers are a gigantic and rapidly growing market worldwide and are predicted to be one of the key markets going forward. Especially if you live and do business in the United States.

2.In many Border States Hispanic citizens constitute a growing majority of the citizens and bring with them cultural as well as political influence.

10 Benefits of Speaking Spanish in the World Today

3.Speaking Spanish is an important asset for doing business in other parts of the world as well.

4.Knowing Spanish as a second language will make you attractive to employers as well, and more valuable to your company once you land a job. Companies and Governments often pay a premium wage for bilingual employees, so you can usually get paid more from the start.

5.If you have plans to attend a graduate school, law school or even medical school a second language, if not required, will look good on your transcripts and give you an edge in a competitive world. Sure you need to have good grades, but grades are not the only thing that admission committees are looking at when making their decision whether or not to admit you to their program.

6.If you are a student who needs some extra income, your Spanish language skills will allow you to make a nice part time income giving Spanish lessons to your peers. Speaking Spanish is becoming a valuable commodity and many people would love to speak Spanish,

7.Your knowledge of two of the most widely spoken languages will create a wide range of lucrative opportunities to be self--employed.

8.Culturally speaking your knowledge of the Spanish language will allow you to travel and open you up to culture, literature, movies and other arts that you would not be able to access without your Spanish language skills.

9.Some of best literature and movies in the world have been written in Spanish.

10.Learning to speak Spanish will give you the opportunity to live and work in a large variety of countries. This will also help you land the job or better yet, the career of your dreams.

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